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Britain in the European Communities under Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher
Šebík, Ondrej ; Lenčéš Chalániová, Daniela (advisor) ; Martinková, Viera (referee)
This thesis aims to determine whether Margaret Thatcher's European policy was ideologically consistent with conservativism. The record of the British Conservative Party on European policy is inconsistent. The party that initiated Brexit was the same party that integrated the United Kingdom into the European Communities under conservative prime ministers Heath, Thatcher and Major. The divergence begs the question of what conservative European policy really looks like. The thesis therefore first defines conservatism and what parameters will be used in the subsequent comparison. Subsequently, Thatcher's decisions, views and actions in the European Communities will be compared against these parameters. Although with minor derivations, the thesis concludes that Margaret Thatcher's European policy fulfils the definition of conservative.
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Potravinářské výrobky jako faktor vnímání Evropské unie v České republice
ŽIDOŇ, Zdeněk
Foodstuffs are often discussed in the Czech Republic in relation to the European Union. In the past, European regulations which affected traditional Czech food products caused big controversies. Currently, the most discussed issue in this context is a dual quality of food products placed on the European single market. The introductory part of this thesis deals with a development of this issue in the institutions of the European Union and includes the opinions of Czech Members of the European Parliament. This thesis also analyses related European legislature and proposed solutions regarding dual quality, summaries relevant Czech, Slovak and other foreign comparative tests of products and assesses the most common arguments which the producers use to defend the differences in the composition of their products. The final part of the thesis puts the habits of Czech consumers in contrast with neighbouring countries and, based on available data regarding the opinions about the EU, formulates a theory which answers the question of how dual quality of products influences the perception of the European Union in the Czech Republic.
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Celní odbory a jejich dopad na obchod
Chudobova, Claire ; Štěrbová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Halík, Jaroslav (referee)
This paper concentrates on customs unions and their impact on trade. We have chosen two trading blocs that we believe are interesting cases: MERCOSUR and EU. Throughout the thesis, we will look more closely into how those customs unions were created and on what objectives were they based upon. Furthermore, to understand more precisely the complexity of those trading blocs, we will talk about their historical development and economical situation. As well as their attitudes towards international trade. For the latter, we will look into each trading blocs trade policies, institutions and presence in international trade. In order to understand better the differencies in trading blocs, a comaprison of those two will be later on discussed together with their impacts.
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Impacts of the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union to the financial sector
Bartošková, Karolína ; Ševčíková, Michaela (advisor) ; Řežábek, Pavel (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate consequences of the United Kingdom withdrawal from the European Union to financial sector and provide different view of the issue than studied analysis carried out so far. The thesis proves the size, broad structure and unique position of the British financial sector in Europe and the world. Theoretical part focuses on the historical perspective, to the explanation of how the financial system works, last but not least to the crucial regulatory norms and sector participants. Based on real and specific data, practical part explains the scope of financial sector, its significance and analyses the UK role in the approval process of specific regulatory standards. Lobbying is denoted as an effective way of influencing standards towards national interests. In conclusion, thesis provides an overview of UK losses and benefits after Brexit, including a proposal for modification the practical operation of the financial system and pay attention to problematic areas. It is demonstrated that Britain for its scale of the financial sector has been long-term influencing European regulation of the sector and despite withdrawal from European Union likely remain a global financial centre.
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Value Added Tax in International Trade in Goods
Tomíček, Milan ; Karfíková, Marie (advisor) ; Boháč, Radim (referee) ; Radvan, Michal (referee)
The dissertation is dedicated to application of value added tax to an international trade in goods while it focuses on so called intra-Community supplies between EU member states. It focuses also on the extent to which the transitional VAT system is applicable in terms of European single market. The aim of the dissertation was to map existing and possible future development of the VAT system in the area of the intra-Community supplies and its legal framework. The primarily task was to analyze relevant legislation (first Directive 2006/112/EC and Act No. 235/2004 Coll., about the value added tax, as amended) taking into account case law of Court of Justice of EU and national courts of individual EU member states, including the application of the results of analysis on specific selected transactions. A fundamental question seems to be how to prove a fulfillment of conditions for application of the VAT exemption on delivering goods to another EU member state. The condition which appears to be most risky is that the supplier is obliged to prove that the goods left the national territory, especially in a situation where the actual transport is arranged by the customer and the supplier must largely rely on the information that he receives from the customer. The position of the supplier is complicated by...
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Legal aspects of a parallel trade in drugs within the EU
Bečvářová, Tereza ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Salač, Josef (referee)
5.Abstract Title: Legal aspects of a parallel trade in drugs within the EU Key words: single market, parallel trade, price regulation, pharmaceuticals Parallel trade is one of the most distinctive benefits of the European single market. In a simplified way, parallel trade is legal importing of drug from one country where it is legally marketed into a second country where the marketing authorization holder also markets that product, but without the consent of the marketing authorization holder. Price regulation of medical products makes parallel trade of drugs questionable. Final price for customer is not result of an independent decision of pharmaceutical company but it is given by relevant authority often regarding the spending power of citizens. Wholesalers are taking advantage of these price differences when they are buying cheap drugs in low-price countries and selling them with profit in countries where drug price are higher. In theory this practice should deliver significant saving for patient and national healthcare insurance system in destination countries due to lower price of parallel traded drugs. However many studies show minimum impact on drug price in these countries since wholesalers retain great part of the financial benefits. On the other hand, negatives of parallel trade are evident. Drug...
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The doctrine of the ban on parallel imports within competition law of the European Union
Neuwirth, František ; Šmejkal, Václav (advisor) ; Svoboda, Pavel (referee)
THE DOCTRINE OF THE PROHIBITION ON PARALLEL IMPORTS RESTRICTIONS WITHIN COMPETITION LAW OF THE EUROPEAN UNION The aim of this thesis is to analyse the current approach of EU competition law to parallel imports restrictions in light of nearly a half-century of EU Courts' case-law's evolution and in comparison with the approach adopted by US antitrust law. The traditional attitude of the EU Courts and of the Commission towards competition restraints of this type is described in literature in clear terms. However, this is not the case when it comes to the recent and current ambiguous developments within EU competition law. Therefore, this thesis aims to verify these two hypotheses. The first hypothesis says that evolution of the EU institutions approach to parallel imports restrictions has a circular nature: it starts from the traditional, intransigent position adopted in the early decades of European integration and it continues through a more lenient, economic approach in the period of the so called modernization of EU competition law to return to a rather traditional attitude typical of the current times. According to the second hypothesis, the current EU institutions' attitude towards parallel imports restrictions has nevertheless been shifted, during the modernization period, to a more...
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Analysis of the EU regulations in the field of Information and Telecommunication technologies and their effect on the single market
Hart, Ludvík ; Procházka, Pavel (advisor) ; Strejček, Ivo (referee)
The bachelor thesis describes the EU regulations in the field of information and communication technologies (ICT), particularly the Digital agenda for Europe strategy. These regulations are then tested for their influence on the European single market. The major question answered here is whether the EU regulations in field of ICT have a positive impact on the EUs single market. Answer to this question helps us evaluate the ongoing Digital agenda strategy. The impact of the regulations is analysed by induction of the following indicators, international trade, ratio of population buying online, DESI index and NRI index. With this method it is possible to tackle the wide range of fields the Digital agenda covers. I conclude this work with the statement, that European ICT regulations do have a positive impact on the single market, although are problematic due to the slow legislative process and low efficiency in addressing the regulated issue.
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Development of the export structure and market orientation of Slovakia
Ševčíková, Magda ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Ježek, Tomáš (referee)
The purpose of this final thesis is to describe and study the development of the export structure and market orientation of Slovakia taking into consideration wider economical aspect including transformation and following rules of the EU. The basic assumption that the market orientation to EU markets will be stronger after fulfilling Mastrchits's criteria and accepting EURO was not confirmed. I have confirmed an assumption about strict commodity orientation especially to automotive and therefore in the inclination to external impact stronger. For this analysis was used data of WTO, EU, OSN as well as domestic intuitions.
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